Groundwater Quality Analysis of Different Villages in Two Union Councils of District Tando Muhammad Khan

Abstract

The groundwater quality of different villages located in two Union Councils, namely Shah Karim Bulri and Khokhar of district Tando Muhammad Khan used for drinking purpose were analyzed. The water quality parameters checked were pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity, total dissolved salts, hardness, sodium, potassium, nitrate, fluoride, turbidity, iron and arsenic by taking fifteen samples in triplicate. Some parameters were examined using instruments and others by titration method. The obtained results were within the range as; pH from 6.6 to 7.5, turbidity 0.0-3.0 NTU, electrical conductivity 675-4030 μS/cnm, total dissolved salts 432-2579 mg/l, hardness 90-860 mg/l, sodium 32-388 mg/l, potassium 0.9-18.1 mg/l, nitrate 0.18-1.24 mg/l, fluoride 0.08-0.54 mg/l, and arsenic 5.0 ppb-20 ppb. It was revealed that out of fifteen groundwater samples nine samples were unfit due to high concentration total dissolved salts and five groundwater samples were found unfit due high concentration of hardness and in one sample the concentration of arsenic was more than international standards. It was concluded from the analysis that the groundwater samples taken from AHNa-06 location is unfit for drinking purpose due to higher concentration of maximum number of examined parameters than WHO guideline values.